FreeBSD 12.1 on The Thinkpad T60 (2)

Finally last Friday got a little time around to play a bit more with the FreeBSD install I did on the trusty T60.
Installed (via pkg) XFCE -as usual- as my Desktop Environment- things went really smooth and fast, matter of fact, took less time to install XFCE than xorg, everything thru pkg, go figure way... Maybe the XFCE packages were stored on a nearby cache of my ISP?

Disk usage right after the base install:

Filesystem            Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on

zroot/ROOT/default    287G    433M    286G     0%    /

And after installing:

pkg install xorg xfce firefox emacs-nox

HDD usage climbed to:

Filesystem            Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on

zroot/ROOT/default    286G    2.4G    284G     1%    /

The systems feels snappy, specially compared with the same setup running OpenBSD, and, it doesn't have those pesky problems I was having (WiFi drops & XFCE crashes),
Will see if next week I have time to configure things the hell up on this FreeBSD/ XFCE setup and see if this is a daily driver.

Isotop on Thinkpad T60

Installed it on the little lappie last Friday, against my usual practices, on an un-encrypted HDD, just to take a look at it; another part of the ongoing OpenBSD tests I'm performing on my Thinkpads.
The Isotop install went smooth, it is basically a script that pulls and configures a bunch of stuff.
It looks rather cool out of the box, only thing I've noticed, it runs with a high load all the time... Haven't used it much, and I'm not sure I'll continue to run it, but that really caught my attention.

A Puffy Christmas

Spent great part of today (other than finishing a few chores and some stuff from work) playing a bit with OpenBSD on the T60.
Yeap, the quest goes on and on...
This time exclusively running CWM and taking Firefox for a spin, the thing still doesn't cut it for me.

Thinking in giving FreeBSD a complete run on the T60, that is, finishing the Base Install I did, with XFCE and all the whistles.

OpenBSD Configs

My configs, or dot files, as the cool kids call them, from the OpenBSD setup I've made last week.

My .profile file:

## ----------------------------------------------
## $HOME/.profile from Thinkpad T60 - OpenBSD 6.6
## ----------------------------------------------

# $OpenBSD: dot.profile,v 1.5 2018/02/02 02:29:54 yasuoka Exp $
#
# sh/ksh initialization

PATH=$HOME/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/bin:\
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/games
export PATH HOME TERM

## --------------------------------

ENV="$HOME/.kshrc" export ENV

## --------------------------------

## EoF ##

The K Shell config file:

## --------------------------------------------

## $HOME/.kshrc from Thinkpad T60 - OpenBSD 6.6

## --------------------------------------------

alias df='df -h'

alias du='du -sh'

alias j='jobs -l'

alias lsa='ls -lasht'

export VISUAL=mg

export EDITOR=$VISUAL

export PAGER=less

HISTSIZE=500

HISTFILE="$HOME/.ksh_history"

HISTEDIT=$EDITOR

set -o ignoreeof

set -o emacs

# Put the current directory and history number in the prompt

PS1='$_pwd [!]\$ '

## EoF ##

The Micro Emacs clone that ships with the Base install:

## --------------------------------------------

## $HOME/.mg from Thinkpad T60 - OpenBSD 6.6

## --------------------------------------------

## Create dir $HOME/.mg.d to store backups in one place

## Repeat this for root user

backup-to-home-directory

## EoF ##

The xsession file:

## -----------------------------------------------

## $HOME/.xsession from Thinkpad T60 - OpenBSD 6.6

## -----------------------------------------------

export ENV=$HOME/.kshrc

## Load X Window configurations

/usr/X11R6/bin/xrdb $HOME/.Xresources

## Sets the "wallpaper" as plain vanilla grey

## xsetroot -solid grey &

## Sets the "wallpaper" as a grey/ black/ white twatch

## xsetroot -gray &

xsetroot -cursor_name left_prt &

xclock -geometry 230x20-0-0 -fn 9x15 -strftime "%A %d %b %Y %H:%M" &

###################

## Window Managers:

###################

## Calm Window Manager

exec cwm

## Tab Window Manager

## twm

########

## XFCE:

########

## exec ck-launch-session startxfce4

## EoF ##

The Calm Window Manager config file, I picked this one from the internet, as it tries to mimics the way i3 works, specifically, its keyboard shortcuts: 

## --------------------------------------------

## $HOME/.cwmrc from Thinkpad T60 - OpenBSD 6.6

## --------------------------------------------

fontname "Ubuntu Mono:pixelsize=14"

gap 0 0 24 0

snapdist 4

moveamount 5

color activeborder "#4c7899"

color inactiveborder "#333333"

borderwidth 2

sticky yes

unbind-key all

bind-key CS4-q quit

bind-key CMS-r restart

bind-key 4-Return terminal

bind-key 4S-semicolon lock

bind-key 4S-Return window-hide

bind-key 4S-n window-menu-label

bind-key 4S-q window-delete

bind-key 4-1 group-only-1

bind-key 4-2 group-only-2

bind-key 4-3 group-only-3

bind-key 4-4 group-only-4

bind-key 4-5 group-only-5

bind-key 4-6 group-only-6

bind-key 4-7 group-only-7

bind-key 4-8 group-only-8

bind-key 4-9 group-only-9

bind-key 4S-1 window-movetogroup-1

bind-key 4S-2 window-movetogroup-2

bind-key 4S-3 window-movetogroup-3

bind-key 4S-4 window-movetogroup-4

bind-key 4S-5 window-movetogroup-5

bind-key 4S-6 window-movetogroup-6

bind-key 4S-7 window-movetogroup-7

bind-key 4S-8 window-movetogroup-8

bind-key 4S-9 window-movetogroup-9

bind-key 4-a group-toggle-all

bind-key 4-g window-group

bind-key 4S-f window-freeze

bind-key 4-s window-stick

bind-key 4-f window-fullscreen

bind-key 4S-m window-maximize

bind-key 4-equal window-vmaximize

bind-key 4S-equal window-hmaximize

bind-key 4s-v window-vtile

bind-key 4s-h window-htile

bind-key 4-d menu-exec

bind-key 4-slash menu-window

bind-key 4-Right group-cycle

bind-key 4-Left group-rcycle

bind-key 4-Down window-lower

bind-key 4-Up window-raise

bind-key 4-Tab window-cycle-ingroup

bind-key 4S-Tab window-rcycle-ingroup

bind-key 4CS-h window-resize-left

bind-key 4CS-j window-resize-down

bind-key 4CS-k window-resize-up

bind-key 4CS-l window-resize-right

bind-key 4S-h window-resize-left-big

bind-key 4S-j window-resize-down-big

bind-key 4S-k window-resize-up-big

bind-key 4S-l window-resize-right-big

bind-key 4C-h window-move-left

bind-key 4C-j window-move-down

bind-key 4C-k window-move-up

bind-key 4C-l window-move-right

bind-key 4-h window-move-left-big

bind-key 4-j window-move-down-big

bind-key 4-k window-move-up-big

bind-key 4-l window-move-right-big

bind-key 4-F1 window-snap-left

bind-key 4-F2 window-snap-down

bind-key 4-F3 window-snap-up

bind-key 4-F4 window-snap-right

bind-key 4S-F1 window-snap-up-left

bind-key 4S-F2 window-snap-down-left

bind-key 4S-F3 window-snap-up-right

bind-key 4S-F4 window-snap-down-right

bind-key 4C-w menu-exec-wm

unbind-mouse all

bind-mouse 4S-1 window-group

bind-mouse 4-1 window-move

bind-mouse 4-3 window-resize

bind-mouse 4-2 window-lower

bind-mouse 4S-3 window-hide

# External tools

command term "xterm"

## EoF ##

And this is the only configuration file that isn't on my $HOME...

I've edited in order to get rid of that pesky xconsole window that Xenocara starts by default

## -------------------------------------------------------------

## /etc/X11/xenodm/Xsetup_0 from from Thinkpad T60 - OpenBSD 6.6

## -------------------------------------------------------------

#!/bin/sh

# $OpenBSD: Xsetup_0,v 1.6 2019/06/29 13:33:06 espie Exp $

## 17/12/2019

## Comment to disable the permanent xconsole

## xconsole -geometry 480x130-0-0 -daemon -notify -verbose -fn fixed -exitOnFail

#  install package openbsd-backgrounds

#  then uncomment:

#

# if test -x /usr/local/bin/openbsd-wallpaper

# then

#       /usr/local/bin/openbsd-wallpaper

# fi

# sxpm OpenBSD.xpm &

OpenBSD on The Thinkpad T60 (2)

A little follow up.
The WiFi seems more robust, at least compared to how OpenBSD performed with the WiFi card of the T60p.
Played a bit with the Window Managers that come pre-installed 9or part of the base system), TWM, CWM & FVWM, but in the end installed XFCE.
The problems I had before, apps crashing are still here, even tho I've raised the limits on the "/etc/login/conf" file.
Also, and this might be small potatoes for some folks, but it is really annoying how the mouse cursor icons changes all the time while running XFCE on OpenBSD... It simply refuses to honor the way I've configured those, they keep changing to the .
A total and royal PITA.

OpenBSD on The Thinkpad T60

So, yes... I want another round.
Installed OpenBSD again, this time on the T60, with a full disk encryption, once again too.
The install process was flawless, except for a little annoyance, the builtin WiFi card, a Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG, needed a firmware in order to use it, so, made the installation using a PCMCIA Atheros card, and then simple remove it (something I've done before).

OpenBSD: Sayonara

Well, at least for now, the OpenBSD test on the T60p goes onto the freezer.
Two really annoying problems arose:

+ The WiFi connection dropped all the time every time
+ XFCE programs crashing

The first one was amazingly annoying, it started, or I first noticed it, when I was installing packages after the initial base install -and after issuing a syspatch and a reboot-.
This one is, obviously, a major deal breaker

The second one was nuance, but a problem nonetheless.
It happened with the Settings program, specifically with the Window Manager one, it dumped a core every time I've switched a theme and the other one was trying to open the "Session and Startup" one, it simply didn't happen... No matter what, it was impossible to open that program.

No time to debug any of those right now.

OpenBSD: Now With More Encryption!

After trying to encrypt the $HOME partition on the OpenBSD install I did, well... Things went a little complicated, so, in the end went cold turkey with the thing, and simply re-installed, this time with full disk encryption, using the instructions from here: Full Disk Encryption.
No problem whatsoever, the installation went like silk, and everything was kosher with the lappie.

OpenBSD on The Thinkpad T60p

Installed OpenBSD today on the T60p.
The installation took about 2 hours (including XFCE, which BTW, it is the latest of the latest 4.14 go OpenBSD go!!!...)

Welcome to the OpenBSD/i386 6.6 Installation program.
(I)nstall

I choose install, of course!

Choose your keyboard layout? L
us.swapctrlcaps

Great Scott! This was a great find, don't remember this layout option the last time I've installed OpenBSD.

System hostname? t60p

Original, right?

Which network interface do you wish to configure?
em0

IPv4 address for em0? 10.120.10.14
Netmaks for em0? 255.255.255.240
Ipv6 address fro em0? [none]
Available network interfaces are: em0 ath0 vlan0.
Which network interface do you wish to configure? (or 'done') [done]

Choose em0, and setup a fixed IP address, I was under the impression that em0 was the WiFi NIC, but I was wrong! See below.

Default Ipv4 route? 10.120.10.1

The default gateway

DNS domain name? arenales.lan

My own ridiculous domain inside my home.

DNS nameservers? 8.8.4.4 8.8.8.8

Thanks, Google.

Which disk is the root disk? sd0
Use (W)hole disk or (E)dit the MBR? [whole]

This is another new, IIRC.. Auto partitioning! Used the default, although, for a personal use lappie, I don't like to have other partition than /, in order to maximize the available HDD space.

Let's install the sets!
Location of sets? (cd0 disk http or 'done') [cd0]
No filesystems found on cd0
Location of sets? (cd0 disk http or 'done') http
HTTP Sever? (hostname of 'done') https://openbsd.c3sl.ufpr.br/

Sets: Installed all of them except for comp & games

Reboot the lappie, and then:

syspatch

So you update the system, and then, again reboot.

usermod -G wheel MY_USERNAME

Add my user to wheel, so I can use su.

pkg_add zile

Installed my lightweight Emacs, so I can edit "/etc/rc.local" and "/etc/rc.conf.local"

Then installed XFCE a login manager and some needed packages:

pkg_add xfce-extras slim slim-themes consolekit2 polkit

WiFi setup:
Like I said, I was under the impression that em0 was the WiFi NIC, but it turned out to be ath0... So, to use it simply create the file /etc/hostname.ath0 and set it up (there is no need for extra firmware).
To make it use a fixed IP address, edit the file mentioned above like this:

nwid SID wpakey PASSWORD
inet 10.120.10.14 255.255.255.240 NONE

Reboot

HHDs (Hoarding Hard Drive)

Why on Earth did I store these 3 HDDs? I really can't tell...
They are over a decade old, and all of them combined might amount to something close to 14 GB of storage
I did use them on really old boxes around here, mostly, IIRC, on OpenBSD and as an Endian Firewall test boxen, but that might have been, easily, about a decade ago or so.

Hello again, OpenBSD (2)

The dmesg from the laptop:

OpenBSD 4.6 (GENERIC) #58: Thu Jul  9 21:24:42 MDT 2009
    deraadt@i386.openbsd.org:/usr/src/sys/arch/i386/compile/GENERIC
cpu0: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.80GHz ("GenuineIntel" 686-class) 2.80 GHz
cpu0: FPU,V86,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,DS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,SBF,CNXT-ID,xTPR
real mem  = 670068736 (639MB)
avail mem = 638316544 (608MB)
mainbus0 at root
bios0 at mainbus0: AT/286+ BIOS, date 08/13/03, BIOS32 rev. 0 @ 0xfd780, SMBIOS rev. 2.3 @ 0xdc010 (18 entries)
bios0: vendor Phoenix Technologies LTD version "R0108K7" date 08/13/2003
bios0: Sony Corporation PCG-FRV37(UC)
acpi0 at bios0: rev 0
acpi0: tables DSDT FACP BOOT
acpi0: wakeup devices PCI0(S5) SLT1(S5) ENET(S5) MODM(S4) USB1(S3) USB2(S3) USB3(S3)
acpitimer0 at acpi0: 3579545 Hz, 32 bits
acpiprt0 at acpi0: bus 0 (PCI0)
acpiprt1 at acpi0: bus 1 (PPB_)
acpiec0 at acpi0
acpicpu0 at acpi0: C2
acpitz0 at acpi0: critical temperature 90 degC
acpibtn0 at acpi0: PBTN
acpibat0 at acpi0: BAT1 model "PCGA-BP2NX  " serial 3374     type LION oem "Sony Corp."
acpiac0 at acpi0: AC unit online
acpibtn1 at acpi0: LID_
acpivideo0 at acpi0: VGA_
acpivout0 at acpivideo0: CRT_
acpivout1 at acpivideo0: LCD_
acpivout2 at acpivideo0: TV__
bios0: ROM list: 0xc0000/0xf000 0xdc000/0x4000! 0xe0000/0x4000!
cpu0 at mainbus0: (uniprocessor)
pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0: configuration mode 1 (bios)
pchb0 at pci0 dev 0 function 0 "ATI RS200M AGP" rev 0x02
agp at pchb0 not configured
ppb0 at pci0 dev 1 function 0 "ATI RS200 PCI" rev 0x00
pci1 at ppb0 bus 1
vga1 at pci1 dev 5 function 0 "ATI Mobility M6" rev 0x00
wsdisplay0 at vga1 mux 1: console (80x25, vt100 emulation)
wsdisplay0: screen 1-5 added (80x25, vt100 emulation)
radeondrm0 at vga1: couldn't map interrupt
"Acer Labs M5457 Modem" rev 0x00 at pci0 dev 3 function 0 not configured
autri0 at pci0 dev 4 function 0 "Acer Labs M5451 Audio" rev 0x02: irq 11
ac97: codec id 0x41445374 (Analog Devices AD1981B)
ac97: codec features headphone, 20 bit DAC, No 3D Stereo
audio0 at autri0
midi0 at autri0: <4DWAVE MIDI UART>
alipm0 at pci0 dev 6 function 0 "Acer Labs M7101 Power" rev 0x00: 74KHz clock
iic0 at alipm0
spdmem0 at iic0 addr 0x50: 512MB DDR SDRAM non-parity PC2700CL2.5
spdmem1 at iic0 addr 0x51: 256MB DDR SDRAM non-parity PC2100CL2.5
pcib0 at pci0 dev 7 function 0 "Acer Labs M1533 ISA" rev 0x00
cbb0 at pci0 dev 10 function 0 "Ricoh 5C476 CardBus" rev 0xaa: irq 11
cbb1 at pci0 dev 10 function 1 "Ricoh 5C476 CardBus" rev 0xaa: irq 10
"Ricoh 5C552 Firewire" rev 0x02 at pci0 dev 10 function 2 not configured
uhci0 at pci0 dev 12 function 0 "VIA VT83C572 USB" rev 0x50: irq 11
uhci1 at pci0 dev 12 function 1 "VIA VT83C572 USB" rev 0x50: irq 10
ehci0 at pci0 dev 12 function 2 "VIA VT6202 USB" rev 0x51: irq 11
usb0 at ehci0: USB revision 2.0
uhub0 at usb0 "VIA EHCI root hub" rev 2.00/1.00 addr 1
pciide0 at pci0 dev 15 function 0 "Acer Labs M5229 UDMA IDE" rev 0xc4: DMA, channel 0 configured to compatibility, channel 1 configured to compatibility
wd0 at pciide0 channel 0 drive 0: 
wd0: 16-sector PIO, LBA, 19077MB, 39070080 sectors
wd0(pciide0:0:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 5
atapiscsi0 at pciide0 channel 1 drive 0
scsibus0 at atapiscsi0: 2 targets
cd0 at scsibus0 targ 0 lun 0:  ATAPI 5/cdrom removable
cd0(pciide0:1:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2
rl0 at pci0 dev 18 function 0 "Realtek 8139" rev 0x10: irq 11, address 08:00:46:c1:c5:ae
rlphy0 at rl0 phy 0: RTL internal PHY
isa0 at pcib0
isadma0 at isa0
com0 at isa0 port 0x3f8/8 irq 4: ns16550, no working fifo
pckbc0 at isa0 port 0x60/5
pckbd0 at pckbc0 (kbd slot)
pckbc0: using irq 1 for kbd slot
wskbd0 at pckbd0: console keyboard, using wsdisplay0
pms0 at pckbc0 (aux slot)
pckbc0: using irq 12 for aux slot
wsmouse0 at pms0 mux 0
pcppi0 at isa0 port 0x61
midi1 at pcppi0: 
spkr0 at pcppi0
lpt0 at isa0 port 0x378/4 irq 7
npx0 at isa0 port 0xf0/16: reported by CPUID; using exception 16
cardslot0 at cbb0 slot 0 flags 0
cardbus0 at cardslot0: bus 2 device 0 cacheline 0x0, lattimer 0x20
pcmcia0 at cardslot0
cardslot1 at cbb1 slot 1 flags 0
cardbus1 at cardslot1: bus 3 device 0 cacheline 0x0, lattimer 0x20
pcmcia1 at cardslot1
usb1 at uhci0: USB revision 1.0
uhub1 at usb1 "VIA UHCI root hub" rev 1.00/1.00 addr 1
usb2 at uhci1: USB revision 1.0
uhub2 at usb2 "VIA UHCI root hub" rev 1.00/1.00 addr 1
biomask ed6d netmask ed6d ttymask ffff
mtrr: Pentium Pro MTRR support
acx0 at cardbus1 dev 0 function 0 "TI ACX100A" rev 0x00: irq 10
acx0: ACX100, radio MAX2820 (0x0d), EEPROM ver 5, address 00:0d:88:83:33:f9
uhidev0 at uhub2 port 1 configuration 1 interface 0 "Microsoft Microsoft 5-Button Mouse with IntelliEye(TM)" rev 1.10/3.00 addr 2
uhidev0: iclass 3/1
ums0 at uhidev0: 5 buttons, Z dir
wsmouse1 at ums0 mux 0
softraid0 at root
root on wd0a swap on wd0b dump on wd0b

Hello again, OpenBSD

Installed it, just for kicks, on my Sony Vaio monster.

Everything went amazingly well, the new OpenBSD installer its a breeze togo by, and, even if it is totally text driven, (not even Curses, I guess) has one plus that I haven't seeing on any OS install so far, the fact that you can, right form the very beginning, disable root access over SSH.

But, the idea was to test is as Desktop, compared to Ubuntu's Karmic Koala on the same hardware. I have to say that I don't find any of the two snappier or that it would run cooler on the laptop (without firing up the fans all the time). Both OS did the same, of course, Karmic boots faster, but who gives a flying fuck about booting times? I don't.

Some post install stuff I did on the OpenBSD lappie:

$ sudo pkg_add bash
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash

Logout and back in to reflect the changes

To avoid this:

$ sudo pkg_add screen
Can't resolve screen

I found better to do all this installs with an open a browser to the URL:

'http://openbsd.noc.jgm.gov.ar/pub/OpenBSD/4.6/packages/'

and then select and copy/paste from there the exact file name and version of the programs I wanted installed on my box.

Some other programs I have installed to make things feel more like home:

$ sudo pkg_add emacs-22.3p0-no_x11
$ sudo pkg_add screen-4.0.3p1 wget-1.11.4
$ sudo pkg_add gnome-session (12:47 AM - 01:24 AM)
$ sudo pkg_add vlc-0.8.6ip4 gimp-2.6.6p0 epiphany-2.24.3p8 epiphany-extensions-2.24.3p3

And, BTW, that http://jgm.gov.ar/ it is the Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros... Who would have thought that my government would give me access to a cool OS, and a local, and therefore fast, access I should say.

Passing the torch

Since we are all immersed on the Olympics...
Judith -the one on the left- is no more, now Orbis Tertius rules.
Orbis' case is not as "stylish" as Judith's, but what a hell, it is a speed bump (of sorts), besides, that's progress, and you can't stop it, no matter what you try.

Its the end of Judith as we know it

Got me a new dumpster monster...

Orbis Tertius it is raising!

Xubuntu on Judith

Or, "An experiment on the futile"... The thing goes nowhere.
Just for kicks tried to see what it was like, but it doesn't even boot, it stalls with a message like:

ata1.01: status: [ DRDY ]
Buffer I/O error on device sr0, logical block 271543
ata1.01 exception Emask 0x0 Sact 0x0 SErr 0x0 Action 0x2 frozen

While trying to boot form the CD-ROM, actually, after booting from it, while it tries to load the OS, even tho, the Judith specs are within the minimum recommended by the Xubuntu page:

Minimum system requirements
To run the Desktop CD (LiveCD + Install CD), you need 128 MB RAM to run or 192 MB RAM to install. The Alternate Install CD only requires you to have 64 MB RAM.

Everything seems to point that Judith will continue a long and prosperous life running OpenBSD.

So long dear (for the moment)

Sunday afternoon tried to beef up a bit the specs of Judith, my OpenBSD monster.
But it was in vain, the hardware is way too old, even after the previous bump I already did.
But neither of the RAM sticks I have, and I collected a bunch over time, works on this baby, all the 200 pins I have are PC 133, and Judith only likes PC 100.

So, no RAM bump for her... Too Bad.
For the moment, I have taken here out of line, turned off, it is not worth it to have it on all the time, since I'm making the local backups to my Seagate external HDD.

It is kinda sad, but I'll try to scrounge more hardware and make a more powerful machine.

The HDD ist kaput

It finally happened.
The system HDD from Thor is dead, so good I have backups, so, no damage is done.
What I'm thinking to get it back on its feet is taking out one of the HDD from Judith and use it on Thor.

As for Judith, I'm thinking in replacing the OpenBSD install with a CentOS 5 -minimal- one, just to see how it goes, and which one does perform better on such a totally sh*tty hardware.

The fountain of youth

Or, how to get from 90 to zero in just the turn of a switch.
Well, it is back to square one I guess... All the movings around the house forced me to power it down for a while.

3 months

3 months already.

The little box that could

Judith simple keeps going and going and going... 82 days and counting, without a sinlge glitch, pretty amazing for a piece of crap of specs like she has.